This paper examines the complex and multidimensional linkages among the media, democracy, and sustainable development. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations. Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia. Which features of society can explain the largescale protests in the arab spring.
The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. Arab spring in tunisia and how the movement spread throughout the region. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012.
The daily beast answers six key questions about the uprising. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. The question that guides the research in my thesis, then, is the following. To answer this question a comparative analysis is made of arab countries during the arab. Arab spring and womens rights council on foreign relations. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. Khamis and vaughn, cyberactivitism in the egyptian revolution. This is an arab revolution 27 atlantic centrism 30 is cairo the next new york.
Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. In the aftermath of the iraq war, it was used by various commentators and bloggers who anticipated a major arab movement towards democratization. Egyptian military is not only in charge of the defence of the country but also. The arab spring its impact on the region and on the middle east conference of the regime and within the regime, with the former comprising tunisia, egypt, and libya and the latter including jordan and saudi arabia. Pdf hospitals disaster preparedness during arab spring. This paper argues that we ought to understand the arab spring as transformative revolutionary movement, but one that will be faced with numerous bumps in the road ahead. The arab winter is a term for the resurgence of authoritarianism, absolute monarchies and islamic extremism evolving in the aftermath of the arab spring protests in arab countries.
Regime changes have occurred in tunisia, egypt, and libya, while movements cnntinue to grow in both those countries as well as bahrain, syria, and yemen. The war has killed thousands of yemenis, including civilians as well as combatants, and has significantly damaged the countrys infrastructure. We focus on the arab countries in north africa algeria, egypt, libya. Social media is no longer the domain of the liberal youth, empowering different agendas across the political map. Home this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. An index of unrest in the arab world by the economist online, february 9, 2011. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center regional politics is now more complicated, with crosscutting alliances and linkages and multiple issues, sectarian, territorial, and political. Of the four major arab spring protests analyzedtunisia, egypt, libya, and bahrain. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab. Pdf actuality of freedom of media before and after the. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen.
As in other countries, the arab spring in yemen is a direct corollary of the growing economic and political crisis, with events in tunisia and egypt serving as. In february 2011, yemenis inspired by mass protests in tunisia and egypt began taking to the streets to demand the resignation of president ali abdullah saleh. Mar 18, 2017 the arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. Politics comes first gadi wolfsfeld 1, elad segev2, and tamir sheafer3 abstract the goal of this article is to place the role that social media plays in collective action within a more general theoretical structure, using the events of the arab spring as a case study. Between the arab spring and the gulf cooperation council. The 201820 arab protests, also referred to as the new arab spring, arab summer or arab spring 2. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d.
Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. In the flood of newspaper articles, media documentaries, online blogs, youtube postings, and scholarly articles that followed the rebellions and worldwide protests in 20112012, there is however a remarkable feature of the protests that has remained mostly unrecognized, untheorized, and certainly not analyzed comparatively. Dissatisfaction with government services in arab spring. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. Toward better analysis of new media and the arab spring. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. The arab spring five years later geopolitical futures. Beginning about three years ago in tunisia, and spreading to a number of other arab countries thereafter, what has become known unfortunately as the arab spring took experts, locals and media observers of all stripes by surprise.
Yemen became one of the first countries to experience the protests. The arab spring of discontent einternational relations. New media and conflict after the arab spring united states. Avicious circle of mutually reinforcing negative repercussions muriel asseburg protests, revolts and the fall of decadesold leaderships have brought about political openings and the chance, at least in some arab. Distancing itself from transition and modernization theory approaches, the main hypothesis of this paper asserts that the politicization of salafism and its institutionalization through political parties is anything but a uniform, linear and one. Vincent durac, university college dublin abstract yemens revolt of 2011, like its counterparts in tunisia and egypt, raises many questions about recent analysis of authoritarianism in the arab world. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. Arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications.
For the next 11 months, the state security forces responded with brutal force. While panarabism offered a nationalist version of the arab. Reasons for arab spring based on views in developing. The international dimension of the arab spring istituto affari. How to think about the middle east before the arab spring. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to. Reflections from october 2011 to september 20 67 1. The arab spring demonstrated that public opinion can powerfully affect the regions political life. Understanding the dynamics of the arab spring polsoz. Arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. As in other countries, the arab spring in yemen is a direct corollary of the growing economic and political crisis, with events in tunisia and egypt serving as a source of inspiration and catalysis. Taking power through technology in the arab spring iran.
The arab springs impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation. Jan 28, 2016 in reality, the arab spring was a reactionary movement. List of books and articles about arab spring online. The yemeni revolution, and also known as the yemeni revolution of dignity followed the initial stages of the tunisian revolution and occurred simultaneously with the egyptian revolution of 2011 and other arab spring protests in the middle east and north africa. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. Rethinking western policies in light of the arab uprisings. Wounded demonstrators carried away during antisaleh protests in sanaa, september 2011 photo hh. Mar 08, 2012 on international womens day, minky worden of human rights watch discusses why women are losing in the movement for change in the arab uprisings and how the international community can help. Necessary and sufficient variables for protests in the arab spring. The longstanding regime of ali abdullah alsalih and. Taking power through technology in the arab spring. Issue brief aftermath of the arab spring in north africa exports, and 98 percent of government revenues.
The reason is that the arab world in the modern, postindependence era, had heretofore been generally quiescent politically in the face of authoritarian. The study investigates the actuality of freedom of media before and after the arab spring, yemen as a model. Postrevolution states often find that once dictators have been deposed, other problems arise, such as political polarization and the threat of civil war. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. The arab spring and the saudiled counterrevolution by mehran kamrava mehran kamrava is director of the center for international and regional studies at georgetown universitys school of foreign service in qatar. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government. Six years later, little remains of the hopes that the west saw in the arab spring. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment.
Now in its fifth year, the war in yemen shows no signs of abating. Jan 27, 2016 by the time it became clear to the world that egypts arab spring had gone terribly wrong, that the seemingly hollywoodlike drama of goodguy protesters triumphing over badguy dictator had. Joins uae, qatar and eu in egypt crisis mediation, national, august 6, 20. This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the middle east and north africa mena region during the past two years. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to evolve and change by daily events. However, in the second half of the last century, in the arab world we could talk about an explosion of panarabism events. Candidate in near eastern studies at princeton university and an associate scholar at fpri. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period. Yemens huthi movement in the wake of the arab spring. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Join our network of more than 2,000 contributors to publish your perspective, share your story and shape the global conversation. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets. Click download or read online button to get north african women after the arab spring book now.
Pdf objective the objective of this paper is to assess the hospitals preparedness for emergency using who standards. This is an interesting index of unrest based off of the factors present in the initial arab spring. His most recent works arethe international politics of the persian gulf2011, and innovation in islam. Become a fair observer and help us make sense of the world. Local youths quickly protested out of sympathy, and the protests.
For the next 11 months, the state security forces responded with. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath world bank. Nonetheless, irrespective of whether the 2011 arab spring will. Pdf yemens arab spring democratic opening or regime. The group has responded to the arab spring and in particular to the slow, negotiated toppling of ali abdullah salih in yemen.
Economic protests also took place in the gaza strip. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Social media and the arab spring sage publications. Morocco and tunisia and the levant region lebanon, jordan and syria. Instead, that spring has given way to a winter of economic stagnation and political violence that has plunged syria, libya and yemen into bloody civil war, has led to widespread unrest in egypt, iraq and bahrain, and threatens to destabilize arab governments from morocco to saudi arabia. In its early phase, protests in yemen were initially against unemployment, economic conditions and corruption, as well as against. Hospitals disaster preparedness during arab spring in yemen. The unsexy truth about why the arab spring failed vox. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a longterm process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict. Between the arab spring and the gulf cooperation council by samuel helfont and tally helfont samuel helfont is a ph.
This paper investigates the issue of arab spring led foreign direct and indirect military interventions in libya, bahrain and syria and critically examines the consequences of interventions for. Demystifying the arab spring uc san diego social sciences. Pdf international coverage of the arab spring gabriel. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement. Yemens arab spring democratic opening or regime maintenance. Tunisia and morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining. The arab spring was a series of demonstrations, protests, and civil wars against authoritarian regimes that started in tunisia and spread to much of the arab world. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Women played a variety of roles in the arab spring, but its impact on women and their rights is unclear. The arab revolts are one dimension of the strategic change that is affecting the. Its uprising also became one of the most consequential. In 2011 a wave of prodemocracy protests known as the arab spring spread across the arab world. Prince, tom petty, steve winwood, jeff lynne and others while my guitar gently weeps duration.
Mapping the obama administrations response to the arab spring. North african women after the arab spring download ebook. The term arab winter refers to the events across arab league countries in the mideast and north africa, including the syrian civil war, the iraqi insurgency and the following civil war, the egyptian crisis, the. The most fundamental change the arab spring brought about in the sociopolitical spectrum of the middle east is the switch from the panarab ideology that produced the baathist parties to the multidimensional canons of panislamism. A respected commentator on middle eastern politics, ibrahim fraihat examines three countries grappling with political transitions in the wake of the arab spring.
Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. The term arab spring is an allusion to the revolutions of 1848, which are sometimes referred to as the springtime of nations, and the prague spring in 1968. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. The arab states had no intrinsic national bond upon which to justify their existence. The arab nationalism has grown since the last part of the ottoman empire. The arab spring and political change in tunisia and egypt.
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